Sulphates are present in most cement and in some aggregates, excessive amounts of water-soluble sulphate from these or other mix constituents can cause expansion and disruption of concrete. To prevent this the total water soluble sulphate content of the concrete mix expressed as SO3 , should not exceed 4 % by ,mass of cement in the mix . The sulphate content to be calculated as the total from the various constituents of the mix.
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